SOURCES

Sources

Headwords and lexical equivalents come from public dictionaries. Each source’s terms are available here.

Arabic WordNet (AWN v2)

View source ↗

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

citation
Black W., Elkateb S., Rodriguez H., Alkhalifa M., Vossen P., Pease A., Bertran M., Fellbaum C.,. 2006. *The Arabic WordNet Project*. In *Proceedings of LREC 2006*.
Lahsen Abouenour, Karim Bouzoubaa, Paolo Rosso. 2013. *On the evaluation and improvement of {Arabic} WordNet coverage and usability*. *Language Resources and Evaluation*, **47(3)** pp 891–917.

Chinese Open Wordnet

View source ↗

wordnet

citation
Shan Wang and Francis Bond. 2013. `Building the Chinese Open Wordnet (COW): Starting from Core Synsets <https://aclweb.org/anthology/W/W13/W13-4302.pdf>`_. In *Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Asian Language Resources, a Workshop of The 6th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-6)*. Nagoya, Japan. pp 10–18.

DanNet

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wordnet

citation
Pedersen, B. S., Nimb, S., Asmussen, J., Sørensen, N. H., Trap-Jensen, L. and Lorentzen, H.. 2009. *DanNet -- the challenge of compiling a WordNet for Danish by reusing a monolingual dictionary*. *Language Resources and Evaluation*, Volume 43:3 pp 269-299.

Hebrew Wordnet

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wordnet

citation
Noam Ordan and Shuly Wintner. 2007. Hebrew WordNet: a test case of aligning lexical databases across languages. *International Journal of Translation*, **19(1)**:39–58, 2007.

Croatian Wordnet

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

citation
Oliver A., Šojat, K., Srebačić, M.. 2015. *Automatic Expansion of Croatian Wordnet*. In *Proceedings of the 29th CALS international conference: Applied Linguistic Research and Methodology*. Zadar, Croatia.
Raffaelli, Ida; Bekavac, Božo; Agić, Željko; Tadić, Marko. 2008. *Building Croatian WordNet*. In *Proceedings of the Fourth Global WordNet Conference*. pp 349-359.

Lithuanian WordNet

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

citation
Garabík, Radovan and Pileckytė, Indrė. 2013. `From Multilingual Dictionary to Lithuanian WordNet <http://korpus.juls.savba.sk/attachments/publications/lithuanian_wordnet_2013.pdf>`_. In *Natural Language Processing, Corpus Linguistics, E-Learning*. Ed. Katarína Gajdošová — Adriána Žáková. Lüdenscheid: RAM-Verlag, pp 74–80.

Japanese Wordnet

View source ↗

wordnet

citation
Hitoshi Isahara, Francis Bond, Kiyotaka Uchimoto, Masao Utiyama and Kyoko Kanzaki. 2008. *Development of Japanese WordNet*. In *LREC-2008*, Marrakech.

Norwegian Wordnet (Nynorsk)

View source ↗

wordnet

citation
Fjeld, Ruth Vatvedt and Nygaard, Lars. 2009. `NorNet - a monolingual wordnet of modern Norwegian <http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/handle/10062/9837>`_. In *Proceedings of the NODALIDA 2009 workshop WordNets and other Lexical Semantic Resources — between Lexical Semantics, Lexicography, Terminology and Formal Ontologies.* pp 13–16. Estonia.

Norwegian Wordnet (Bokmål)

View source ↗

wordnet

citation
Fjeld, Ruth Vatvedt and Nygaard, Lars. 2009. `NorNet - a monolingual wordnet of modern Norwegian <http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/handle/10062/9837>`_. In *Proceedings of the NODALIDA 2009 workshop WordNets and other Lexical Semantic Resources — between Lexical Semantics, Lexicography, Terminology and Formal Ontologies.* pp 13–16. Estonia.

plWordNet

View source ↗

wordnet

citation
Maciej Piasecki, Stanisław Szpakowicz and Bartosz Broda. 2009. `A Wordnet from the Ground Up <http://www.plwordnet.pwr.wroc.pl/main/content/files/publications/A_Wordnet_from_the_Ground_Up.pdf>`_. Wroclaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Poland.

Romanian Wordnet

View source ↗

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/

citation
Tufiș, Dan, Ion, Radu, Bozianu, Luigi, Ceaușu, Alexandru and Ștefănescu, Dan. 2008. *Romanian Wordnet: Current State, New Applications and Prospects*. In *Proceedings of the 4th Global WordNet Conference, GWC-2008* Eds. Tanacs, Attila, Csendes, Dora, Vincze, Veronika, Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek. Szeged, Hungary, pp 441–452.

Thai Wordnet

View source ↗

wordnet

citation
Thoongsup S., Charoenporn T., Robkop K., Sinthurahat T., Mokarat C., Sornlertlamvanich V., Isahara H. 2009. *Thai Wordnet Construction*. In *Proceedings of The 7th Workshop on Asian Language Resources (ALR7), Joint conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP)*. Suntec, Singapore.

Wordnet Bahasa (Malaysian)

View source ↗

https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT/

citation
Nurril Hirfana Mohamed Noor, Suerya Sapuan and Francis Bond. 2011. `Creating the open Wordnet Bahasa <http://web.mysites.ntu.edu.sg/fcbond/open/pubs/2011-wn-bahasa.pdf>`_. In *Proceedings of the 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC 25)*. pp 258–267. Singapore.

Pronunciation

Phonetic transcription (IPA)

Transcriptions come from the source dictionaries. Listening uses device speech synthesis; pronunciation may vary by region and context.

0v0.tvSourcesIncludes historical languages, dialects and shared-script codes.